The Development of an At-Risk Biosensor for Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Several biomarkers have been found useful in diagnosis and management of CVD, so there is an enormous potential utility for a point-of-care biosensor capable of measuring the entire panel of CVD biomarkers on demand. This paper presents one potential component of such a biosensor, in the form of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based measurement method for one such CVD biomarker, neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL). In this study, an antibodyfunctionalized gold disk electrode is shown to detect NGAL in blood diluted to 10% concentration, with a slope of 5.6824 ohms/LOG (ng/mL) and an R2 of 0.97 (n = 3) at 1.758 kHz. These results show the feasibility of an EISbased point-of-care biosensor for CVD markers. Future work will include expanding the method demonstrated here to cover other CVD biomarkers and integrating multiple markers into a single sensor device.